Factors Associated with Chronic Low Back Pain in Hungary Based on the European Health Interview Surveys Conducted in 2009, 2014, and 2019: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study

Healthcare (Basel). 2026 Apr 25;14(9):1159. doi: 10.3390/healthcare14091159.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide, with substantial variation in prevalence across regions. It is associated with a wide range of biophysical, psychological, social, and lifestyle factors, as well as comorbid conditions. Given its high impact, identifying population-level correlations of LBP is essential for informing prevention strategies. This study aimed to assess demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and health-related factors associated with LBP in Hungary.

Methods: A repeated cross-sectional analysis was conducted using secondary data from three waves of the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) carried out in Hungary in 2009, 2014, and 2019.

Results: The prevalence of LBP increased over the study period. Female sex, higher educational attainment, normal body mass index, non-smoking status, abstaining from alcohol, and good self-perceived health were associated with lower odds of LBP. In contrast, older age (≥65 years), unfavorable financial status, residence in socioeconomically disadvantaged regions, use of over-the-counter medications, and several chronic conditions were associated with higher odds.

Conclusions: Reducing the impact of low back pain requires its integration into comprehensive public health frameworks that combine chronic disease management with consideration of socioeconomic inequalities at the population level.

PMID:42121602 | DOI:10.3390/healthcare14091159