Gender-specific responses to mindfulness-based interventions in primary care: A systematic review of mental health and pain management outcomes

Published on April 20, 2026

J Health Psychol. 2026 Apr 20:13591053261436233. doi: 10.1177/13591053261436233. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) are widely used in primary care for pain and mental health, but gender-specific outcomes are under-researched. A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies from Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed (1987-2023) with gender-disaggregated data were included. Elicit AI assisted in screening, data extraction, and thematic clustering. CASP and AMSTAR 2 were used to assess study quality. Eight studies (2019-2023) were synthesized. Women showed higher adherence (70%-85%) and short-term improvements in anxiety, depression (30%-50%), and emotional regulation. Men had lower initial participation (50%-65%) but better sustained improvements in pain (15%-30%) and cognitive resilience. Gender differences were noted in coping styles, engagement, and response timelines. MBIs benefit both genders through distinct mechanisms. Emotion-focused formats suit women; structured, goal-based methods suit men. Gender-adapted MBIs and further research on long-term, tailored approaches are recommended.

PMID:42003314 | DOI:10.1177/13591053261436233

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