Experiences of using immersive virtual reality in people with spinal cord injury with neuropathic pain: a mixed methods study

Disabil Rehabil. 2026 Mar 25:1-12. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2026.2647655. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Neuropathic pain (NP) is a common and particularly disabling type of pain experienced by those with spinal cord injury (SCI), significantly impacting on injury management and recovery. This study exposed people with NP due to SCI to immersive virtual reality (IVR) and evaluated their perceptions of pain management, level of engagement and practical end-user interface considerations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single group mixed methods study. Participants took part in a single session of IVR using two different games from commercially available equipment, participated in semi-structured interviews which were thematically analysed, and reported their levels of pain pre and post exposure.

RESULTS: Eleven people with SCI participated in the study. Three main themes were identified: immersive experiences, lived experiences and physical experiences. Qualitative findings indicate a high degree of acceptability and perceived effectiveness for short-term pain management. Participants reported an average reduction in NPRS score from 4.27 ± 1.79 pre-exposure to 2.91 ± 2.12 post-exposure (p = 0.07).

CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest a single exposure to IVR can positively impact NP for people with SCI. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction and enjoyment. Mainstream IVR may be a potential adjunct to usual care for NP management.

PMID:41879328 | DOI:10.1080/09638288.2026.2647655