Understanding Pain in Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: A Cross-Sectional, CT-Based Analysis Showing Limited and Inconsistent Associations With Pain

Foot Ankle Int. 2026 Mar 3:10711007251413568. doi: 10.1177/10711007251413568. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Patients with an osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) often present with deep ankle pain, but the direct relationship between structural damage and the perceived pain remains unclear. The aim of this study was therefore to determine whether pain is associated with demographic and radiologic (computed tomography [CT]-only) lesion characteristics.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with symptomatic OLTs at a tertiary referral academic hospital. The primary outcome was the Pain subscale of the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). Secondary outcomes included the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain at rest and during walking, as well as the other FAOS subscales. Associations with patient demographics, lesion size, morphology, and location were assessed using univariate linear regression, followed by multivariate linear regression with backward selection.

RESULTS: A total of 310 patients were included. In the final multivariate model for the FAOS Pain subscale, higher age (β = -0.18, P = .04) and smoking (β = -8.70, P < .001) were significantly associated with worse pain scores. Lesion morphology characterized by the presence of an osteochondral fragment was associated with lower NRS pain scores during walking. For NRS pain at rest, worse scores were significantly associated with female sex, higher body mass index, smoking, non-primary lesion nature, and greater lesion depth.

CONCLUSION: No association was found between CT-based radiologic lesion characteristics and patient-reported pain as measured by the FAOS Pain subscale. In secondary analyses, some lesion characteristics showed associations, but these were limited and directionally inconsistent. These findings suggest structural damage alone does not seem to fully explain the patient's pain. Given the CT‑only approach and other design constraints, further research is warranted.

PMID:41776985 | DOI:10.1177/10711007251413568